Synopsis One of the most infamous scandals in financial history becomes a theatrical epic in Lucy Prebble’s play. Mixing classical tragedy with savage comedy, it follows a group of flawed men and women in a narrative of greed and loss which reviews the tumultuous 1990s and casts a new light on the financial turmoil in which the world finds itself in 2009. Based on real life and using music, movement and video, Enron explores one of the most infamous scandals in financial history, reviewing the tumultuous 1990s and casting a new light on the financial turmoil in which the world finds itself in 2009. World Premiere (Chichester). Supported by the ENRON Commissioning Circle. Running time: 2hrs 30mins approx Downstairs
Rupert Goold and his Headlong company returned to the Chichester Festival Theatre last night (22 July 2009, previews from 11 July), premiering Lucy Prebble's play ENRON, about the infamous collapse of the US energy company.
Goold has enjoyed a happy association with the Chichester Festival, where he premiered his award-winning and crtically acclaimed productions of Macbeth (2007) and Six Characters in Search of an Author (2008).
Described as an "epic tragedy", ENRON is inspired by the real events surrounding the Texas-headquartered energy company that filed for bankruptcy in 2001. The cast is led by Samuel West (who has also enjoyed a fruitful association with Chichester) as the corporation's president Jeffrey Skilling, alongside Tim Pigott-Smith as chairman Ken Lay, Amanda Drew as a fictional executive and Tom Goodman-Hill as Fastow, a financial whizz-kid.
ENRON is a co-production with the Royal Court, where it transfers following its Chichester run, which finishes on 29 August.
On the evidence of the overnight reviews, Goold has completed a trilogy of Chichester Festival successes. ENRON was almost unanimously acclaimed as a masterpiece of political theatre as critics fell over themselves to heap on the superlatives. The Daily Telegraph's Charles Spencer suggested it is already the production to beat at this year's theatre awards, while The Times' Dominic Maxwell excitedly invoked a “street party” in honour of Prebble and Goold's success in creating a political epic with “not a dull moment in it”. Samuel West's performance was heralded as “superb” and, according to Spencer, “the performance of his career”. All told, anyone who questioned whether Goold - described by the Evening Standard's Fiona Mountford in her review as “finest director of his generation” - had lost his midas touch of late should consider the question resoundingly answered.
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Maxwell Cooter on Whatsonstage.com (five stars) - “Lucy Prebble's morality tale is the perfect vehicle for Rupert Goold and his love of video, back projections, harsh lighting and sound effects. Goold uses every technique at his disposal to bring the the story to life - particularly in an innovative routine based on light sabres. Anthony Ward’s set is a brilliant backdrop to the events that rocked America. At the heart of Prebble's tale is a superb performance by Samuel West as Jeffrey Skilling, the architect of the fraud. First glimpsed as a plump, gauche but ambitious executive, we see him gradually take control of Enron and enact his own fantasy of selling everything, including the weather … Tom Goodman-Hill is the socially inept but financially brilliant Andy Fastow, the guy who devised the scheme that brought Enron down, while Tim Pigott-Smith as Enron chairman Kenneth Lay smiles toothily and pockets the cash … Headlong is bringing ENRONto the Royal Court later this year, if you miss it in Chichester, catch it there - this is a theatrical treat.”
Michael Billington in the Guardian (four stars) - “Lucy Prebble's hugely ambitious play, covering the rise and fall of the Texan energy company, Enron, is an exhilarating mix of political satire, modern morality and multimedia spectacle … The first half of Goold's production reminds one of Citizen Kane in its dazzling, vaudevillian energy: stock prices are imprinted on human faces, traders whirl and gyrate like dancers, analysts sing close harmony numbers … Prebble and Goold, aided by Anthony Ward's breathtaking designs, show that Enron was a vast fantasy in which everyone was complicit … The power of Samuel West's fine performance as Skilling lies in its very lack of demonism. In West's assured hands, Skilling becomes a man who combines brilliance and stupidity and grows from a nerdy ordinariness into a tycoon through the idea that future income can be written down as earnings the moment a deal is signed.”
Dominic Maxwell in The Times (five stars) - “It’s an incredible achievement to come up with a play with not a dull moment in it. But when that play is a three-hour black comedy about the ins and outs of corporate finance, it’s time for a street party … Prebble and the director, Rupert Goold, not only address and explain previously bamboozling financial terms, in constantly stimulating, ingenious ways, they also keep an adroit balance between the epic and the intimate. This is political theatre that never, ever feels impersonal … The ensemble mime quad-bike races on office chairs, perform a Philip Glass-style musical number listing commodities while line-dancing to Dolly Parton ... The acting is superb. West makes Skilling sympathetic without ever making him likeable. He’s not just trying to get rich; he’s trying to stay out of Hell. Tim Pigott-Smith gives strong support as chairman Ken Lay. The entire cast of 16 is superb in a production that shows Goold’s bold showmanship at its very finest, allied to a sense of empathy that makes this an emotional experience too.”
Fiona Mountford in the Evening Standard (five stars) - “Aristotle himself would relish the hubris in this narrative of an overreaching organisation that plotted, Macbeth-like, to be king, this time of the financial markets … Prebble sensibly doesn’t labour the point, but it’s hard not to find ominous echoes of recent disastrous financial events in the way those surrounding Skilling are loath to ask questions, so long as the stock price keeps heading upwards. That same stock price is displayed on an electronic ticker-tape screen that runs constantly and transfixingly across the back of the stage in Anthony Ward’s spot-on design, which is all slick business aesthetic ... West superbly suggests a monomaniacal man powered by something far more interesting than mere greed, namely a brilliance with theoretical concepts that eventually disconnects him entirely from reality … As the phrase goes, 'buy now' for an outstanding evening.”
Charles Spencer in the Daily Telegraph (five stars) - “The play, in short, could hardly be more timely, one of those rare works that crystallises the mood of its age … Prebble, whose father was the chairman of a multinational software company, understands how business works, and makes it accessible to those who don’t. She also knows how to construct a play, moving from savage black comedy to something approaching classical tragedy … Goold is in dazzling form as director, superbly capturing the greed and madness that seized Enron as debts were hidden in shadow companies, and the share price went through the roof … The whole show is driven by Samuel West, giving the performance of his career as Skilling … Charismatic, scary, and finally cracking up spectacularly, this is high-definition acting of a very high order indeed … ENRON… already looks like the play, and the production, that all the others will have to beat at this year’s theatre awards.”
How fitting that the West End transfer of Lucy Prebble’s much-lauded Enron, a play about the corruption and collapse of corporate finance, should open on the very day that the UK officially emerged from a recession caused by those very factors.
The great Samuel West leads the same cast as that which first appeared at the Chichester Minerva Theatre in July last year, then at the Royal Court in the autumn, and the company crackle with energy and wit now just as they did in each of the previous incarnations of the show.
Anthony Ward’s set looks fantastic on the larger stage of the Noel Coward Theatre after the more confined environment of the Court and Rupert Goold’s thrilling staging, complete with light sabre choreography, stalking raptors and line-dancing traders is a theatrical feast. This transfer is just what Prebble’s astoundingly mature play deserves.
- Jo Caird
NOTE: The following FOUR-STAR review dates from September 2009, and this production's run at the Royal Court Jerwood Theatre Downstairs.
The exciting thing about Lucy Prebble’s Enron is its revelation that there is no business like big business, and a second viewing confirms the gutsiness and vitality of her second major play, the best look at mayhem in the markets since Caryl Churchill’s Serious Money over twenty years ago.
Although recent television documentaries on the collapse of the Lehman Brothers in New York have throbbed with a quiet, chilling sense of meltdown and devastation, Rupert Goold’s endlessly inventive production moves the astonishing, hubristic creation of a shadow capitalism built on the “real” capitalism into the realms of dance and metaphor.
And at its centre is the tragic figure of the Enron president, Jeffrey Skilling, whom Samuel West brilliantly presents as a geeky, rather childish champion of the mark-to-market philosophy turning first into a predatory shark of the trading floor and then an anguished victim of his own obsessive empire-building, haunted by an accusatory refrain from his little daughter.
With its endless red ticker tape showing the share prices, the gleaming, mirage-like photographic imagery of the skyscrapers melding into the symbolic terrorist targets of eight years ago, shortly after the Enron collapse, and the neon strip lighting that becomes hand-held weaponry, Anthony Ward’s design does look a little cramped on the Court stage.
In the open airiness of the Minerva in Chichester there was a greater sense of a constellation of capitalism, and the use of boxes as rostra for the traders was more effective in a floor-level arena. But visual expression is so endemic to this show’s meaning, it’s hard to see how Goold and his team could have turned the handicap of the Court’s compactness to advantage.
Maybe they will sort this out when, after this sold-out run, Enron transfers to the Noel Coward in the New Year. The performances of Tim Pigott-Smith as the Enron owner Ken Lay and Amanda Drew as Skilling’s office lover and chief rival Claudia Roe (a fictional character) are as strong as ever.
The show is epic, noisy, colourful and cartoonish – flying directly in the face of the predominantly puritanical Royal Court aesthetic – but it’s so heatedly on the button of what happened in all of our lives, you won’t want to miss it. And watch out for Tom Goodman-Hill’s fresh-faced financial controller, Andy Fastow, a wonderful study in cunning survival and the satanic strategy skills that did for Skilling and his castle in the night sky.
- Michael Coveney
NOTE: The following FIVE-STAR review dates from July 2009, and this production's premiere at the Chichester Minerva Theatre.
The story of Enron, the energy company that became, at the time, America's biggest bankruptcy, sounds so fantastic that it could have been fashioned from the pen of a particularly imaginative writer. The fact that much of this tale is true, heightens the excitement of this thrilling Headlong production, the highlight of what has been a strong Chichester season.
Lucy Prebble's morality tale is the perfect vehicle for Rupert Goold and his love of video, back projections, harsh lighting and sound effects. Goold uses every technique at his disposal to bring the the story to life – particularly in an innovative routine based on light sabres. Anthony Ward’s set is a brilliant backdrop to the events that rocked America.
At the heart of Prebble's tale is a superb performance by Samuel West as Jeffrey Skilling, the architect of the fraud. First glimpsed as a plump, gauche but ambitious executive, we see him gradually take control of Enron and enact his own fantasy of selling everything, including the weather. West captures every twitch of a man wholly driven by the need to make money, not so much for its own sake but by the need to create something innovative. Driven eventually into mental disintegration, West gives us a vision of a man driven by his obsession with Enron stock price, because, as he tells his daughter, that’s how he knows how much he’s worth.
The other leads give strong performances too. Tom Goodman-Hill is the socially inept but financially brilliant Andy Fastow, the guy who devised the scheme that brought Enron down, while Tim Pigott-Smith as Enron chairman Kenneth Lay smiles toothily and pockets the cash.
Prebble has invented a character, Claudia Roe, as the antithesis of Skilling and his machinations. Her vision of a more conventional future, based on actually manufacturing something, is rejected by Lay and after that she is used as a moral counterpoint to Skilling's schemes. I found this the least convincing part of the play, despite Amanda Drew's spiky portrayal of the snubbed Roe. It’s too neat a dramatic device; a real-life exec would have left or pocketed the cash and asked no questions.
It is however, not a documentary. Prebble leaves out several major players and her portrayal of the real-life characters is too far-fetched. In particular, Lay was an executive who had been in business for years, his life spent mired in controversy (including a previous financial scandal at Enron) - he was far from the James Stewart-like innocent of Pigott-Smith’s portrayal.
These are small quibbles: this is an outstanding production of a thought-provoking and, above all, entertaining play. Headlong is bringing Enron to the Royal Court later this year, if you miss it in Chichester, catch it there - this is a theatrical treat.
Three Blind Mice, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and debt guzzling raptors: now there are three things I never thought I’d put together. These are just some of the images you can expect in Lucy Prebble’s ‘Enron’. Amongst them you will find businessmen yielding light sabres and a Siamese twin version of the Lehman Brothers. Although you wouldn’t immediately associate these images with the financial scandal of American energy company ‘Enron’, this is exactly what the extremely talented Prebble has done. And as the Enron slogan demands, I hear you asking WHY?
This is just one of the techniques that Prebble uses to un-complicate the financial jargon and the confusing world of the stock market to tell the story whilst catering to stock market innocents like myself. Expect to laugh at the humour throughout the play and, don’t worry, the baffling business terminologies are explained to the audience.
One recurring idea throughout the piece was that money, or greed for money consumes your life. Jeffrey Skilling (Samuel West) suffers both physically and mentally from running this scandal and is visibly worn down. One memorable scene which strengthened the message that greed for money is harmful includes a chorus of business people becoming more and more mechanical as they become obsessed with making money. Computerised numbers are projected over the actors making them appear almost non-human. The music becomes obsessive getting faster and faster and with it so do the actions of the business people. The words gold and aluminum are projected on the stage and the business people go crazy for it. It showed the audience how people can get swept up by the idea of money and greed for money can spiral out of control.
The audience also get easily swept up by it all to show just how the whole world got swept up by Enron. The play has an exciting and comic style with recognisable and catchy songs that you will find yourself singing along to. The changes between scenes were quick and efficient so you have no time to stop and think about what’s actually happening.
The humour and the serious aspects of the play had more merit individually but worked against each other when put together. The comic element of the play also affected the ending negatively as I felt I should be sympathetic towards the millions of people who lost their life savings but I didn’t.
The lighting (Mark Henderson) and the design (Anthony Ward) were carefully thought out and the animated acting brilliantly brought the key members of the scandal back to life. Rupert Goold (director) may have jam packed a lot of ideas into this play and despite the slightly long running time ‘Enron’ is entertaining, informative and fast paced throughout.
- Alaina O'Sullivan
01 Nov 09
Quite interesting play about a very interesting subject, spoiled a little by the people cavorting as lizards (is there a metaphor here?) for far too much and too long. It's OK but mystifying as to why it should be a sell out with people queueing for returns. A BBC doc would have been so much more interesting and informative on the subject matter. - kiburncat
20 Oct 09
terrific - a great example (unlike his Time and the Conways) where Rupert Goold adds to the text rather than distracting from it. For a second play, it is extraordinary, both in its ability to illuminate a difficult (and dull) subject; and to create emotionally engaging characters. The four leads are excellent - Tim Pigott Smith has never been better - and it provides the most gripping and entertaining play I've seen in ages. Don't miss the transfer! - dgr1
20 Oct 09
Everything comes together in this production, tremendous writing, clever directing and excellent acting. It restored my faith in theatre and how nice to see a play that doesn't take the normal, smug, Guardian-reading, public sector position of thinking capitalism is intrinsically evil. - addicted to theatre
18 Oct 09
This play is over-hyped. To compare it with Caryl Churchill's groundbreaking 'Serious Money' is ridiculous. It is a perfectly acceptable play but with an exceptional performance by Sam West, a superb cast and a typically flashy and inventive production by Rupert Goold. - fred
05 Oct 09
MY GOD a good play that's not about the tragic death or molestation of a child, and written by a WOMAN! What next? - coral
03 Oct 09
Lucy Prebble has done a remarkable job in writing a play which makes the potentially mind-numbing financial intricacies of the Enron crash so entertaining. Characteristically Rupert Goold has thrown the kitchen sink at the production, including some updated Brechtian song and dance routines. The first half is an exhilerating ride as Samuel West creates a financial monster from smoke and mirrors. The second half is more straight forward, apart from a light sabre dance. The problem is that, althogh fictionalised, the play is obviously based on real events and the denouement of Senate hearings and verdicts handed down feels slightly mundane after the fireworks (literally at one point) of the first half. Enron is clearly a remarkable achievement but did not quite maintain its' brilliance throughout. Two other slight gripes: a 3-hour play should not start at 3.00 pm and I'm fed up with the Royal Court using playtexts as a programme; this play crys out for supporting articles, which I am sure will be there when it transfers to the West End next year. - David Baxter
01 Oct 09
There's much to enjoy here, but I do think its over-hyped (mostly gushing reviews, sold out before opening, West End transfer announced on opening.....). Even though the Enron debacle came before the Credit Crunch, the play seems timely. This, plus Rupert Gould's trademark directorial flourishes (getting dangerously close to gimmicks this time) cover up what is in effect an OK play which tells the Enron story well but doesn't really illuminate it. Worth a visit for the inventiveness of the staging and the design and some fine performances, particularly Amanda Drew - though the American accents are not sustained. Maybe it's a pity I saw Inherit The Wind a few days before this - despite the fact it's 55 years old, it had as much relevance but with more depth. - Gareth James
The first theatre opened as The New Chelsea on 16 Apr 1870. Changed name to Belgravia. Re-opened as Royal Court 25 Jan 1871. Demolished in 1887. New theatre opened (current, slightly different site) 24 Sep 1888. Famous for supporting and commissioning new writing. Probably the first UK Theatre to regularly include their URL in advertising. Member of the Society of London Theatre. In 1996 the theatre closed for redevelopment, funded by the National Lottery. The refurbished theatre at Sloane Square re-opened in February 2000 including two theatres the 389 seat Jerwood Theatre Downstairs and the studio style Jerwood Theatre Upstairs.
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